DHIMMI: Non-Muslims in the Caliphate
The position of non-Muslims living under Islamic rule (dhimmi) is a widely misunderstood topic. Those wishing to attack Islam and its systems portray Islam’s treatment of the dhimmi as worse than its treatment of animals. Historical incidents where dhimmi suffered persecution at particular times are generalised and quoted out of context in order to back up their claims.
Joseph Farah, founder of the WorldNetDaily news site states:
Under Islamic Shari’ah law, non-believers – Christians and Jews anyway – are permitted to live as long as they support Islam through their Dhimmi taxes and are willing to accept what amounts to a third- or fourth-class servile existence, always subject to pogroms, false accusations and ill treatment. Dhimmis always live in fear.1
Melanie Philips, prominent Zionist author and commentator states:
‘Dhimmi’ is the status of infidels under Islam who are permitted to live in Muslim jurisdictions but only with restrictions as second-class citizens.2
To answer this accusation that dhimmi are second class citizens who will have a miserable existence living in a future Khilafah we need to look at Islam’s view on citizenship and how it applies to non-Muslims.
Citizenship in Islam
Citizenship in Islam is based on someone permanently living within the lands of the Khilafah regardless of their ethnicity or creed. It is not a requirement for someone to become Muslim and adopt the values of Islam in order to become a citizen of the state. Muslims living outside the Islamic State do not enjoy the rights of citizenship, whereas a non-Muslim living permanently within the Islamic State (dar ul-Islam) does. This is derived from the following hadith.
The Prophet (saw) said: ‘Call them to Islam, and if they agree accept from them and refrain from fighting against them, then call them to move from their land to the land of the Muhajireen (the emigrants), and tell them if they do so, then they will have the rights which the Muhajireen enjoy and they will have duties like the duties upon the Muhajireen.’3
This hadith means if they do not move to the land of the Muhajireen they would not enjoy what the Muhajireen enjoy, i.e. the rights of those who are living in the
The Islamic state is forbidden from discriminating between citizens on the basis of race, creed, colour or anything else. In origin all the rules of Islam apply equally to Muslims and non-Muslims. The Islamic scholars have agreed, especially the scholars of Usul (foundations), that the divine rules are addressed to every sane person able to understand the speech, whether he is Muslim or not, male or female.5
However, there are exceptions to this. If the Shari’ah rule is dependent on belief in Islam such as praying salah or giving the zakat tax then it applies only to Muslims. These exceptions are not discriminatory rules as some have claimed, but take in to account the beliefs and values of the citizen so as not to cause oppression to them. They in no way detract from being equal citizens.
Categories of non-Muslims in the Khilafah
There are four main categories of non-Muslims in the Khilafah. These are:
1. Mu’ahid
2. Must’amin
3. Ambassadors, diplomats, consuls and envoys
4. Dhimmi
The Mu’ahid is a citizen of a foreign state with which the Khilafah has a treaty. The citizens of this state (mu’ahideen) can enter the Khilafah without a passport or visa if this is reciprocated to the citizens of the Khilafah.6
The Must’amin is a citizen of a foreign state with which the Khilafah has no treaty. These states are the imperialistic states such as
If the Mu’ahid or Must’amin stay for more than one year within the Khilafah then their stay is considered permanent and they are required to pay the jizya (head tax) and will become dhimmi.8
When discussing the rights and responsibilities of the dhimmi in this article these for the most part apply equally to both the Mu’ahid and the Must’amin. The exceptions are in the specific terms of the treaties and visa applications adopted by the Khaleefah.
The Ambassadors, diplomats, consuls and envoys from the foreign states have diplomatic immunity and the rules of Islam do not apply on them.9
The Dhimmi
Dhimmi are those citizens of the Khilafah that hold different beliefs and values to the ideology of the state i.e. Islam. The word dhimmi is derived from the Arabic word dhimmah, which means pledge or covenant (‘ahd).10
The state makes a pledge to treat the dhimmi in accordance with the specific terms of the peace treaty made with them (if applicable) and not to interfere in their beliefs, worships and those actions that contradict Islam but were permitted to the dhimmi by the Messenger of Allah (saw) such as drinking alcohol. In all other areas they are viewed and treated in the same way as Muslims unless belief in Islam is a condition for the action.
There are many ahadith ordering good treatment of the dhimmi and not abusing them or treating them as second class citizens.
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He who harms a person under covenant, or charged him more than he can, I will argue against him on the Day of Judgement.”11
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He who hurts a dhimmi hurts me, and he who hurts me annoys Allah.”12
The classical scholars of Islam also detailed the rights of the Muslims towards the dhimmi. The famous Maliki jurist, Shaha al-Deen al-Qarafi states:
The covenant of protection imposes upon us certain obligations toward the ahl al-dhimmah. They are our neighbours, under our shelter and protection upon the guarantee of Allah, His Messenger (saw), and the religion of Islam. Whoever violates these obligations against any one of them by so much as an abusive word, by slandering his reputation, or by doing him some injury or assisting in it, has breached the guarantee of Allah, His Messenger (saw), and the religion of Islam.13
Judiciary
One of the accusations against Islam’s treatment of dhimmi is that a dhimmi is not allowed to give evidence against a Muslim and his oath is not acceptable in an Islamic court.
Bat Ye’or states:
Every legal case involving a Muslim and a dhimmi was judged according to Koranic law. Although the very idea of justice implies equality between parties, a dhimmi was not allowed to give evidence against a Muslim. Since his oath was unacceptable in an Islamic court his Muslim opponent could not easily be condemned. In order to defend himself, the dhimmi was obliged to purchase Muslim witnesses at great expense.14
The rule of law applies to everyone within the Khilafah and there are no exceptions. It is obligatory for the Islamic State to judge in cases concerning the dhimmi with justice and no discrimination against them is allowed.
Allah (swt) says in the Holy Qur’an:
And if you judge, judge with justice between them.
Verily, Allah loves those who act justly.15
The most famous example of this justice is in the legal trial of a Jew who stole the coat of armour of Imam Ali (ra) as he was travelling to a battle. The judge Shurayh made no exception for Ali (ra) even though he was the Khaleefah, a Muslim and also off to fight in a battle so was in desperate need of his armour. Shurayh ruled in favour of the Jew and accepted his testimony in court. Full details of the trial can be read here.
The dhimmi is allowed to be a witness in an Islamic court against a Muslim and their evidence is acceptable. The conditions of being a witness apply equally to Muslims and dhimmi. The conditions of a witness are: sane, mature and ‘adl (trustworthy).
It may be claimed that the condition of ‘Adl applies only to Muslims who refrain from committing the kabeera (major) sins. This is incorrect. ‘Adl in this context means someone who abstains from that which the people consider a violation of uprightness, whether he was a Muslim or non-Muslim. This is because ‘adaala (trustworthiness) was stipulated in the testimony of the Muslim as well as in the testimony of the non-Muslim, by using the same word without distinguishing one from the other.
Allah (swt) says in the Holy Qur’an:
O you who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draws to one of you, at the time of bequest, two witnesses, ‘adl (trustworthy) from among you, or two others from other than you.16
He (swt) meant non-Muslims by saying other than you. He said ‘two ‘adl witnesses from Muslims or two ‘adl from other than Muslims.’ So how can the ‘adaala be defined as not committing a kabeera (major) sin and insistence on committing a sagheera (small) sin regarding a non-Muslim? Also how can we reject as a witness the one who disobeyed his parents once, but accept as witness the spy, just because spying is not from kabeera sins? Therefore, the valid meaning of ‘adl is the one that abstained from that which the people consider violation to the uprightness.17
Criminal Punishments
Another accusation is that Muslims are given a lesser punishment for crimes against dhimmi. In the case of murder it is alleged that a Muslim is not killed for the murder of a dhimmi whereas a dhimmi is killed for the murder of a Muslim. Bat Ye’or states:
The punishment that a guilty Muslim received for a crime would be greatly reduced if the victim were a dhimmi.18
Again this is a false accusation. Punishments for crimes are applied equally to both Muslims and dhimmi with no distinction. The only distinction is that dhimmi will not be punished for those actions which are permitted for them such as drinking alcohol, whereas a Muslim would be.
The Prophet (saw) said, The diyyah (blood money) of the Jews and Christians is like the Muslim’s diyyah.”19
It is narrated in a hadith that the Messenger of Allah (saw) killed a Muslim for a mu’ahid and said, ‘I am the most noble of those who fulfil their dhimmah’.”20
This hadith clearly indicates that if a Muslim kills a mu’ahid he is punished with death.21 This equally applies to the killing of a dhimmi as discussed earlier.
Economy
The dhimmi enjoy the same economic benefits as Muslims. They can be employees, establish companies, be partners with Muslims and buy and sell goods. Their wealth is protected and if they are poor and unable to find work they are entitled to state benefits from the Khilafah’s Treasury (Bait ul-Mal).
Historically, many dhimmi prospered within the lands of the Khilafah.
Cecil Roth mentions that the treatment of the Jews at the hands of the Ottoman State attracted Jews from all over Western Europe. The land of Islam became the land of opportunity. Jewish physicians from the school of Salanca were employed in the service of the Sultan and the Viziers (ministers). In many places glass making and metalworking were Jewish monopolies, and with their knowledge of foreign languages, they were the greatest competitors of the Venetian traders.22
The poor dhimmi will receive state benefits if they are in need.
‘Umar ibn al-Khattab once passed by an old dhimmi begging at doors, and said: “We have not done justice to you if we have taken jizya from you in the prime of your youth and neglected you in your old age.” He then ordered from the treasury what was suitable for him.23
With regards taxation the shari’ah has put the condition of belief on some of the taxes which means they are applied differently between the Muslims and dhimmi. Muslims for example are ordered to pay the Zakat but dhimmi are exempt, whereas dhimmi are ordered to pay the jizya (head tax) but Muslims are exempt.
Jizya
The most misunderstood Islamic taxation is the jizya. Some historians paint a picture that the jizya tax was so high that dhimmi were forced to convert to Islam to avoid it. Others bring out arbitrary jizya rates such as 50%.24
The obligation of the jizya is derived from the following verse of the Qur’an.
Allah (swt) says:
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold forbidden that which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued (saghiroon).25
The humiliation (sighar) mentioned in this verse means the dhimmi must submit to the rules of Islam. It does not mean physical humiliation.26
The jizya tax is applied to all mature, male dhimmi who have the means to pay it. Women and children are exempt as are the poor who have no livelihood.27
The jizya is applied according to the prosperity of the dhimmi. In the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) he established three different bands of jizya depending on the prosperity of the person. The jizya rates for different provinces (wiliyat) of the Khilafah in the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) are shown below.
YEMEN28
Dinars (Gold coin) | Weight of dinar in grams | Grams in gold | |
Everyone eligible | 1 | 4.25 | 4.25g |
IRAQ29
Dirhams (Silver coin) | Weight of dirham in grams | Grams in silver | |
The rich | 48 | 2.975 | 142.80 |
The middle class | 24 | 2.975 | 71.4 |
The worker | 12 | 2.975 | 35.7 |
EGYPT AND ASH-SHAM30
Dinars (Gold coin) | Weight of dinar in grams | Grams in gold | |
The rich | 4 | 4.25 | 17g |
The middle class | 2 | 4.25 | 8.50g |
The worker | 1 | 4.25 | 4.25g |
In sahih Bukhari it has been narrated by Abu Najeeh who said, “I said to Mujahid: ‘What is the matter with the people of Ash-Sham who pay 4 Dinars and the people of Yemen pay 1 Dinar?’ He said, ‘This was decided based on prosperity.’”31
It is forbidden for the Khilafah to overburden the dhimmi with heavy taxation.
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He who harms a person under covenant, or charged him more than he can, I will argue against him on the Day of Judgement.”32
‘Amr ibn Maymun said, “I saw ‘Umar four nights before he was assassinated sitting on top a camel, saying to Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman and ‘Uthman ibn al-Hunayf, ‘Review the affairs under your charge. Do you think that you have burdened the tenants with what they cannot bear?” ‘Uthman replied, ‘I have levied on them an amount that I could double and they would still have the ability to pay.’ Hudhayfa said: ‘I have imposed on them an amount that leaves a large surplus.’”
Abu Ubayd commenting on this said: this is the legal rule in our view for the imposition of jizya and kharaj; they are levied in accordance with the capacity of the dhimmis to pay, without burdening them and without adversely affecting the fay’ of the Muslims; however, no limit is imposed on it.33
When collecting the jizya this cannot be collected by abusing and torturing the dhimmi as some have claimed.
It is narrated from Hisham bin Hakeem, who said; “I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) say; ‘Allah will punish those who punish the people in the Dunya.’”34
‘Umar ibn al-Khattab was brought a huge amount of wealth – Abu Ubayd: I believe, he said “Of jizya” – and he (‘Umar) said: “I think you must have placed the people in hardship (for such wealth).” They said: “No, by Allah, we did not collect anything that was not given voluntarily and of their own free will.” He said: “Without using the stick and without stringing (them up).” They said: “Yes.” He said: “Praise be to Allah, who has not caused this to happen at my hands or during my authority.” 35
With regards the Kharaj (agricultural land tax) this applies equally to Muslims and dhimmi with no distinction.
Community Relations
Muslim and dhimmi communities live together, side by side in the Khilafah. They are not persecuted, hated and forced to live in fear by the Muslims.
The dhimmi neighbours have the same rights as Muslim neighbours with no distinction.
The Prophet (saw) said: “Jibril (Angel Gabriel) kept recommending treating neighbours with kindness until I thought he would assign them a share of inheritance.36
Muslims and dhimmi will visit each other, be courteous and socialise together. The Messenger of Allah (saw) used to visit the poorly from amongst the dhimmi.
It is narrated that a Jewish valet who used to serve the Messenger of Allah (saw) was once taken ill, so the Messenger of Allah (saw) visited him.37
Thomas Arnold describes the relations between dhimmi and Muslim communities in Spain under Islamic rule.
The toleration of the Muhammadan government towards its Christian subjects in Spain and the freedom of intercourse between the adherents of the two religions brought about a certain amount of assimilation in the two communities. Inter-marriages became frequent; Isidore of Beja, who fiercely inveighs against the Muslim conquerors, records the marriage of ‘Abd al-Aziz, the son of Musa, with the widow of King Roderic, without a word of blame. Many of the Christians adopted Arab names, and in outward observances imitated to some extent their Muhammadan neighbours, e.g. many were circumcised, and in matters of food and drink followed the practice of the “unbaptized pagans.38
The Christian Arabs of the present day, dwelling in the midst of a Muhammadan population, are a living testimony of this toleration; Layard speaks of having come across an encampment of Christian Arabs at al-Karak, to the east of the Dead Sea, who differed in no way either in dress or in manners, from the Muslim Arabs.39
Government
Another accusation is that dhimmi cannot be civil servants within the Khilafah or be members of the government.
It’s true that a dhimmi cannot hold any ruling position within the Khilafah. This is because the Shari’ah has restricted these positions to those who believe in the ideology of the state i.e. Islam. This is no different to any ideological state within the world today.
Muhammad Asad states:
One cannot escape the fact that no non-Muslim citizen – however great his personal integrity and his loyalty to the state – could, on psychological grounds, ever be supposed to work wholeheartedly for the ideological objectives of Islam; nor, in fairness, could such a demand be made of him. On the other hand, no ideological organization (whether based on religious or other doctrines) can afford to entrust the direction of its affairs to persons not professing its ideology. Is it, for instance, conceivable that a non-Communist could be given a political key position – not to speak of supreme leadership of the state – in Soviet Russia? Obviously not, and logically so: for as long as communism supplies the ideological basis of the state, only persons who identify themselves unreservedly with its aims can be relied upon to translate those aims into terms of administrative policy.40
Having said this dhimmi can be civil servants and directors of the administrative government departments. Discrimination against dhimmi for civil service posts is forbidden.
The evidence for this is from the Islamic rules on hiring (Ijara) where it is permitted to hire any person whether Muslim or non-Muslim. This is because the evidences for hiring came in a general form.
Allah (swt) says;
And if they suckled for you, do give them their wage.41
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Allah (swt) said; I will challenge three people on the day of Judgement... and a man who employed a labourer, he received from him (the work) but did not give him his wage.”42
The Messenger of Allah (saw) himself once hired a man from the tribe Banu Ad-Deel who was a non-Muslim, which indicates that it is permitted to hire a non-Muslim just as it is to hire a Muslim.
All the above three evidences are general. Therefore, it is permitted for a non-Muslim to be a director of a government department or an employee in that department, for they are all hired staff, and the evidences about hiring are general.43
Although dhimmi cannot hold ruling positions within the government this does not mean they cannot politically participate within the Khilafah.
One of the pillars of the Islamic ruling system is consultation (shura). This function is institutionalised within an elected council called the Majlis al-Ummah (Council of the Ummah) that forms part of the Khilafah government.
The Majlis al-Ummah is an elected council whose members can be Muslim, non-Muslim, men or women. These members represent the interests of their constituencies within the state. The majlis has no powers of legislation like in a democratic parliament but it does have many powers that act as a counterbalance to the executive powers of the Khaleefah.
Members of the majlis can voice their political opinions freely without fear of imprisonment or rebuke. This makes the Majlis ul-Ummah a very powerful institution for accounting the Khaleefah and his government which the dhimmi can fully participate in.44
Religion
A widespread accusation against the Khilafah is that Islam was spread by the sword forcing non-Muslims to convert to Islam or die. This claim in particular is used to create fear and opposition within western countries to the re-emergence of a Khilafah in the Muslim world.
Islam categorically forbids forcing anyone to convert to Islam.
Allah (swt) says:
Let there be no compulsion in religion45
Thomas Arnold states:
The Toleration extended towards the Christian Arabs by the victorious Muslims of the first century of the Hijrah and continued by succeeding generations, we may surely infer that those Christian tribes that did embrace Islam, did so of their own choice and free will.46
Islam has also forbidden tempting non-Muslims away from their beliefs and worships.
The Messenger of Allah (saw) wrote to the people of Yemen: ‘Whoever is adamant upon Judaism or Christianity will not be tormented for it, and he is obliged to pay the jizya.’47
The meaning of ‘will not be tormented for it’ means the dhimmi are left to follow their beliefs and worships.48
Therefore dhimmi are allowed to follow their own beliefs, the rules of their religion and perform actions with although forbidden in Islam were permitted to them by the Messenger of Allah (saw) such as drinking alcohol, eating pork, marriage and divorce.49
The dhimmi places of worship are also protected by the Khilafah. The existence of centuries old Churches, Synagogues and Temples throughout the Muslim world is clear evidence to this fact.
Since these areas are the only areas a religion such as Christianity, Judaism or Hinduism has detailed rules for, the dhimmi will generally face no conflicts between their religions and living within the Khilafah.
Conclusion
The dhimmi are citizens of the Khilafah and enjoy all the rights of citizenship such as protection, guaranteed living and fair treatment. They also enjoy the right of being treated with kindness, leniency, justice and clemency. They can join the Islamic armed forces and fight alongside the Muslims if they choose to do so, but they are not obliged to fight as the Muslims are. They are viewed by the ruler and the judge in the same light as the Muslims are viewed without any discrimination in terms of managing their affairs and when implementing the rules of transactions (mu’amilat) and the penal code (hudud) upon them.
Therefore, the dhimmi enjoys all the rights, equally and exactly as those enjoyed by the Muslims and is in no way classed as a 2nd class citizen.50
References
1 Joseph Farah, October 26, 2006, Between the Lines Commentary, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=52609
2 Melanie Phillips, ‘Dhimmi Britain,’ January 14, 2004, http://www.melaniephillips.com/diary/archives/000265.html
3 Narrated by Sulayman Bin Buraida, Sahih Muslim, Hadith no. 4294
4 Hizb ut-Tahrir, ‘The Methodology of Hizb ut-Tahrir for Change,’ Al-Khilafah Publications, p. 6
5 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Ruling System in Islam,’ translation of Nizam ul-Hukm fil Islam, Khilafah Publications, Fifth Edition, p. 247
6 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The draft constitution of the Khilafah State. The Introduction and the incumbent reasons,’ translation of Muqadimatud-Dustur Aw al-Asbabul Mujibatulah, Article 184
7 Ibid
8 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Islamic Personality,’ Volume 2, translation of Shakhsiya Islamiyya, Dar ul-Ummah, Beirut, Fourth Edition, Chapter Al-Must’amin
9 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The draft constitution of the Khilafah State,’ Op.cit., Article 7f
10 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Islamic Personality,’ Op.cit., Chapter Ahkam adh-dhimmi
11 Narrated by
12 Reported by al-Tabarani in Al-awsat on good authority
13 Shaha al-Deen al-Qarafi, Al-furuq
14 Bat Ye’or, ‘The Dhimmi, Jews and Christians under Islam,’ 1985 Associated University Presses, p. 56
15 Holy Qur’an, Chapter 5, Surah al-Ma’idah, Verse 42
16 Holy Qur’an, Chapter 5, Surah al-Ma’idah, Verse 106
17 Ahmad ad-Da’our, ‘The Rules of Testimonial Evidences,’ Translation of Ahkaam al-bayyinaat, Chapter: Conditions (shuroot) of the witness
18 Bat Ye’or, Op.cit., p. 57
19 Narrated from Amru bin Shuaib from his father from his grandfather
20 Al-Bayhaqi, extracted from the hadith of Abdurrahman Al-Bailimani
21 Abdurrahman Al-Maliki, ‘The Punishment System,’ translation of Nidham ul-uqubat, Dar Ul-Ummah, Beirut, Second Edition, Chapter: Al-Qawad
22 Cecil Roth, ‘The House of Nasi: Dona Gracia’
23 Abu ‘Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, ‘The Book of Revenue,’ Translation of Kitab al-Amwal, Garnet Publishing Ltd, p. 42
24 http://www.jews-for-allah.org/jewish-mythson-islam/dhimmi-tax-fiftypercent.htm
25 Holy Qur’an, Chapter 9, Surah at-Taubah, Verse 29
26 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The draft constitution of the Khilafah State,’ Op.cit., Article 7a
27 Abdul-Qadeem Zalloom, ‘Funds in the Khilafah State,’ translation of Al-Amwal fi Dowlat Al-Khilafah, Al-Khilafah Publications, 1988, p. 58
28 Abu ‘Ubayd, Op.cit., p. 25
29 Ibid, p. 37
30 Abdul-Qadeem Zalloom, Op.cit., p. 61
31 Sahih Bukhari
32 Narrated by
33 Abu ‘Ubayd, Op.cit., p. 37
34 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Ruling System in Islam,’ Op.cit., 271
35 Abu ‘Ubayd, Op.cit., p. 40
36 Sahih Bukhari
37 Ibid, on the authority of Anas
38 Thomas W. Arnold, ‘The Preaching of Islam,’ Second Edition, Kitab Bhavan Publishers, New Delhi, p. 128
39 Ibid, p. 47
40 Muhammad Asad, ‘The Principles of State and Government in Islam,’ Dar al-Andalus Ltd, Gibraltar, 1985, p. 41
41 Holy Qur’an, Chapter 65, Surah at-Talaq, Verse 6
42 Sahih Bukhari, narrated from Abu Hurairah
43 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Ruling System in Islam,’ Op.cit., 235
44 Ibid, p. 247
45 Holy Qur’an, Chapter 2, Surah al-Baqarah, Verse 256
46 Thomas W. Arnold, Op.cit., p. 47
47 Abu ‘Ubayd, Op.cit., p. 25
48 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The Islamic Personality,’ Op.cit., Chapter Ahkam adh-dhimmi
49 Taqiuddin an-Nabhani, ‘The draft constitution of the Khilafah State,’ Op.cit., Articles 5&6
Hello,
I have developed a new clean web 2.0 wordpress theme.
Has 2 colours silver and blue, has custom header(colour or image).
I am curently working on it, so if you have suggestions let me know.
You can view live demo and download from here www.getbelle.com
If you found bug reports or you have suggestions pm me.
Wish you a happing using.
many thanks to [url=http://www.usainstantpayday.com/]USAInstantPayDay.com[/url] for paying the hosting and developement of the theme
Pepepayngeace
megan fox jennifer s body, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187756]megan fox nude in how to lose a friend and alienate people[/url] megan fox jeans
kim kardashian sex video clips, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187768]kim kardashian sex tape full free[/url] kim kardashian sex tape streaming
you belong with me talor swift, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187772]taylor swift discography[/url] taylor swift on csi
hannah montana template final draft 8, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187786]hannah montana stage 3[/url] wizards on deck with hannah montana
harry potter cheats for playstation, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187792]harry potter and chamber of secrets software[/url] harry potter hard quiz
2 day cruise to nassau bahamas, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187798]cruise to smith island from point lockout[/url] cruise to mexico
hot justin bieber, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187812]justin beiber facts[/url] justin biebber
britney spear still hiring job cheat, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/187814]britney spears song list[/url] britney spears in the zone
mega fox naked, [url=http://discuss.tigweb.org/thread/175542]megan fox sexy[/url] megan fox naked
Now, escorts can be contacted right from the comfort zone of your home - thanks to the easily navigable, user-friendly websites that present all escort activities and services online for your access.
Be it at morning 9 a.m. or midnight 23 a.m., escorts 24 x 7 services let you get the hottest stuff on earth the moment you want, they way you want!
All you have to do is to open the website of an escort agency, browse through the various escort categories and make your choice after going through the listed profiles.
The fact about today's fast paced life is that no one has the time or patience to build a lasting relationship. It is even more difficult to maintain an existing relation because of professional and other career related pressures. The only benefit that an individual can get after working so hard is money. So, why not use this money for buying some satisfying experiences.
[url=http://bijouescorts.com]Escort[/url] The growing popularity of a New York escort agency has been the outcome of a number of factors. First, a New York based escort agency believes in offering only the most exciting range of escort fun. Secondly, the rates that such an escort agency charges always comes under one's budget. Thirdly, instant access of girls in and around New York has been another major contributing factor in its success.
It's the quality of service offered by the New York escorts that have made New York one of the major escort hubs in the entire globe. All girls are very much educated and they know how to keep themselves clean and hygienic. If you have never used Hugo Boss once in your life yet, don't be surprised to smell it on their skins. They are really very much beauty and style conscious. That's the reason they have been able to mark such a big impression in the psyche of each and every escort fun lovers.
http://bijouescorts.com The glamorous and the sexiest young escorts from New York are available in several varieties as desired by the clients. They have their own impressive style that explains a statement about their personality and high-end professionalism. You can take these girls as the most stimulating companion on any tour or social events and functions. The erotic ladies with beauty and glamour can offer a wide range of services especially for the clientele. Clients can enjoy peep shows, erotic dancing, twosome and threesome physical entertainment services, cam to cam erotica, live chat, massage services, etc.
if you guys exigency to compensation [url=http://www.generic4you.com]viagra[/url] online you can do it at www.generic4you.com, the most trusted viagra drugstore seeking generic drugs.
you can gather up drugs like [url=http://www.generic4you.com/Sildenafil_Citrate_Viagra-p2.html]viagra[/url], [url=http://www.generic4you.com/Tadalafil-p1.html]cialis[/url], [url=http://www.generic4you.com/VardenafilLevitra-p3.html]levitra[/url] and more at www.rxpillsmd.net, the chief [url=http://www.rxpillsmd.net]viagra[/url] the cosmos on the web. well another great [url=http://www.i-buy-viagra.com]viagra[/url] pharmacy you can find at www.i-buy-viagra.com
Uncashable Bonus. This is the so-called 'sticky' bonus. This can never be cashed, but its usefulness lies in that fact that it stays in your account and enables you to use the bonus account to 'leverage' higher wagers. These free casino chips stay latent in your account simply to allow you to do things which you otherwise could not.
Now with a low enough play though requirement and a casino game that's not rigged more than the house advantage you may just make the play through requirement and keep the bonus that's left over. One example is baccarat which has one of the best player advantages. Good luck on your online casino adventures!
[url=http://www.onlinecasinos5.com]casino bonus[/url]
[img]http://www.bodog.com/publish/etc/medialib/bodogcom_media_lib/home-page-logo.Par.68918.Image.gif[/img]
You will discover a large number of online casinos that exists, but be sure to read all the information, including casinos, casino payments, and casino reviews, casino bonus, and casino promotions and be sure to read about the casino you want to play so you can see all the stuff that online casinos have to offer.
It is very important that the casino you choose to register for the offer at any of your favorite games, such as virtual table games, slots and rollers. The online casinos usually have a list of games they offer on their website to see the potential players. In case your favorite games are not listed, it is advisable to proceed to the next casino.
Many online casinos feature a low entry cost and attractive payouts because they want to convert the millions of online entertainment seekers into casino players. Sure enough, online casinos are places where some fantastic entertainment can be had at a very small price. Having said that, it is important for a player to select a casino only after running a thorough check on it because a casino has to be reliable and it must inspire trust in the player.
[url=http://bewutore.t35.com/news_235.html]online casino gambling site[/url] [url=http://bewutore.t35.com/news_92.html]stats online gambling[/url] [url=http://bewutore.t35.com/news_486.html]casino secure online gambling casino gambling[/url] [url=http://bewutore.t35.com/news_414.html]online gambling august 21 2007[/url] [url=http://bewutore.t35.com/news_202.html]willam hill online gambling[/url]
8.) Some bingo game sites offer various incentives for the players. Some offer free cash of around twenty to two hundred percent of your initial deposit money and bonuses on your deposit. Hence, you can play more games at such game sites thereby increasing your winning chances. [url=http://www.bingokisses.com]online free bingo[/url] One of the winning systems is to play with fewer bingo cards. Most bingo players play with many bingo cards to increase their chances of a win at the game. However, playing with fewer cards provides the best odds of the game as your chances of making a big win are higher. Another bingo system in action functions according to the theory of probability. Balls from a bingo machine come out at random, which means that no one can predict emergence of any particular number. In the same vein, you can employ the probability theory to gauge the next number to emerge from the machine. Random drawing of numbers means laws of probability govern selection of balls and their appearance in a uniform distribution pattern. [url=http://www.bingokisses.com]no deposit bingo online[/url] With so many different casino and gaming sites on the Internet, it is difficult to know which ones are legitimate and which ones are not. After all, if you want to join the gaming community, you have to decide whether you want to play for money or for fun and prizes. If the former, it is more pertinent to find out what sites are legitimate since you do not want to invest cash into something that is not going to give you a return on your investment.
no deposit bingo bingo
Your aim would be to cover the prescribed pattern with the bingo letters, by coordinating the letters and numbers called. The patterns can be anything like, u shape, t shape, etc, though it usually is horizontal or vertical. As soon as you get the pattern, you should shout bingo and you get the prize. In case there are others who shouted at the same time as you, the prize will be shared among all winners.
Predilection casinos? digging this advanced [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]casino[/url] games. commander and take up online casino games like slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat and more at www.realcazinoz.com .
you can also discontinuation our late [url=http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com]casino[/url] orientate at http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com and succeed in genuine folding spondulix !
another late-model [url=http://www.ttittancasino.com]casino[/url] spiele plot is www.ttittancasino.com , because german gamblers, slip in manumitted online casino bonus.
So I went ahead and splurged -- bought myself a [url=http://www.ordio.com.au/products/Fatman-iTube-ValveDock-Carbon-Edition-2.html]Fatman iTube Valvedock Carbon[/url] and I've got to say I made out like a bandit. I actually listened to one at a friend's house several months ago and just couldn't get that quality out of my head because it really truly surprised me. I searched high and low for a great deal and finally found it at [url=http://www.ordio.com.au]Ordio[/url] in Westfield Bondi Junction. I called them up first and asked a bunch of questions and everything was answered to my satisfaction so I went ahead and made the purchase. Dispatch was surprisingly fast. Everything was as it should be. I'm pretty darn happy and I'm playing it right now. Not sure if they dispatch outside of Australia but you won't be sorry if they do.
Very much worth it...
Roland
Hello
I wanted to share with you a wonderful site I just came across teaching [url=http://www.kravmagabootcamp.com][b]Krav Maga[/b][/url] For All Levels If you guys have seen the Discovery Channel TV Show called Fight Quest you would have seen their chief instructor Ran Nakash there featured on their [url=http://www.kravmagabootcamp.com][b]Krav Maga[/b][/url] segment. Anyways, let me know what you think. Is training via the internet something you would do?
Best
Steve
Have you taken a look around at some of the high end shops that carry Coach Shoes and Cheap UGG boots. I have. I've seen that their are a lot of sales going on these days. Bailey Button UGG Boots lamb fleece protector, sequence boot designs, but will also decker sneaker, gowns and handbags supplier (find admission UGG Modern Australia). UGGs from Chinese suppliers sometimes referred to as snow boots. UGG sheepskin boots a new Fights As I, the increase in New Zealand, this [url=http://www.dalinsell.co.uk/]Ugg Boots sale[/url]
Foreign pilot by way of 1 or two elements degree covered their particular foot or so scorching, the thought UGG boot model, dating back close to century from previous.
will not be more than unless you mention the Ugg boot youngsters timeless. They offer rather a advanced level with comfort and ease. Your put on style in addition to some other attributes get them to suitable to get handled due to the girls and boys. The very best thing about ugg boot cleaning services is that they collect your boots straight from your property. All you have to do is give them a get in touch with or get in touch with them by email or through an on the web enquiry. And you will discover a representative of the boot cleaning service appropriate there at your doorstep in fast time..
A lot of brush more than breathability but for this reason, it really is a very good idea to contemplate it. Traction: Last but not least is traction. Assume of all the crazy footwork you put the shoes by way of- You genuinely should look for boxing shoes that have a [url=http://www.vbboots.co.uk/]Ugg Boots cheap[/url]
rubber sole and have some sort of anti-slip pattern so you can make certain you will not slip during quick cuts and fast footwork.
Most companies offer a limited warranty for their items, it may possibly be only numerous months, one year, or even a lot more. Visiting the official website of the manufacturing company of the footwear is really a great notion to be able to know what are the products that are at the moment available in their retailers. And never forget to make positive that the boots will serve its purpose which is to offer warmth to your feet and shield them from the cold temperatures for the duration of the winter season..
JJ Watt Women's Jersey
Use gentle motions and vacuum as necessary He has consulted in the visual media and software industries and for clients such as Toshiba and Transport for London Just because one is a priest does not mean that one can teach any subject under the sky
Julius Peppers Jersey
People grow by growing together It is hard to stop a speeding train The tips provided in this article should help reduce the chance of you being bathed in laser toner while cleaning your printer One other real possibility is that he didn't wish to go against conventional scholarship and the Sumerian or Bible Narrative origin of language and agriculture
Cheap Jerseys Free Shipping
Did you [url=http://www.onlinecasinos.gd]casino bonus[/url] classify that you can on Twirl Majestic hospice straight from your mobile? We from in the offing a inimitability pocket casino within reach in the prosperity of iPhone, iPad, Android, Blackberry, Windows 7 and Smartphone users. Watch as tenantry of your gaming with you and be a title-holder [url=http://www.appydomain.info]adults[/url] wherever you go.
Hello. And Bye.